Hair is composed of strong structural protein called keratin.
This is the same kind of protein that makes up the nails and the outer layer of skin.
Each strand of hair consists of three layers
An
innermost layer or
medulla which is only present in large thick hairs. The
middle layer known as the
cortex. The cortex provides strength and both the color and the texture of hair. The
outermost layer is known as the
cuticle. The cuticle is thin
and colorless and serves as
a protector of the cortex.
At the base of the hair follicle is the dermal papilla. The dermal papilla is feed by the bloodstream which carries nourishment to produce new hair.
The dermal papilla is a structure very important to hair growth because it contains receptors for male hormones and androgens.
Androgens regulate hair growth
The Hair Growth Cycle
Hair follicles grow in repeated cycles. One cycle can be broken down into three phases.
Anagen Growth Phase
Catagen Transitional phase
Telogen Resting Phase
COMMON TYPES OF HAIR LOSS
Scarring alopecia (baldness) Rare disorders that destroy the hair follicle, replace it with scar tissue, and cause permanent hair loss
Localized areas of scarring alopecia of the scalp may result from bacterial, viral and fungal infections. An accurate diagnosis is necessary to determine the treatment and biopsy is usually necessary to determine the cause.
Non scarring alopecia
Abnormal cycling
Androgenetic alopecia
Alopecia areata
Abnormal breakage
Traction alopecia
Cosmetic breakage
Acquired or congenital
hair shaft abnormalities
ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA
Causes
Androgens induce alopecia by shortening the anagen phase and increasing the number of hairs that are in the telogen phase.
ALOPECIA AREATA
Alopecia areata is a common type of hair loss that affects approximately 2% of the population.
It usually starts out as smooth, small, round or oval patches of baldness that rapidly form on one side of the head.
Causes
Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease (i.e., the immune system attacks the hair follicles). The follicles become very small, hair production slows, and there is a lack of visible hair for months or years. Yet, the follicles usually resume normal hair growth within a year.
TRACTION ALOPECIA
Hair loss caused by chronic traction.
Various types of hairstyling as ponytails , buns , braiding , ……….etc
If chronic, may lead to permanent hair loss.
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